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The efficiency of these protocols has been validated with single hippocampal neurons and various invertebrate tissues including individually identified neurons within a simpler memory-forming circuit of Aplysia californica and early (1-, 2-, 4-, 8-cells) embryonic and developmental stages from basal metazoans.ĭNA and RNA sequencing has and will continue to make a profound impact on medicine, clinical, and basic research. It has become indispensable for virtually any biomedical field, providing an unbiased view of the entire molecular machinery within a biological system of interest. The current trends are to adapt high-throughput sequencing technologies to the level of small-cell populations and even individual cells. It is especially critical for developmental and aging biology and neuroscience where the enormous heterogeneity of cells present a significant methodological and conceptual challenge. Equally important is to achieve fast and cost-efficient sequencing targeting true realtime genomics where direct physiological measurements from defined cells or cell populations are coupled with genome-wide sequencing and analysis from the very same cells with feedback for investigators within 3–4 days or even 1 day.
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The recently introduced semiconductor sequencers ( Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and Ion Torrent Proton) provide novel opportunities toward coupling transcriptional changes and physiological measurements.
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